2013 - A year of increased Alternative Energy technology

Goodbye 2013

Happy Holidays December 2013

Greenfest 2013 Veterans Plaza Silver Spring MD - October 05, 2013

CAR FREE DAYS SEPTEMBER 20 - 23 2013

Solar Powered Plane on Final Leg of Flight to NYC

WASHINGTON  July 06, 2013 (AP)


A solar-powered aircraft lifted off from a suburban Washington airport before dawn Saturday, embarking on the final leg of a history-making cross-country flight.
The Solar Impulse flew out of Dulles International Airport a little before 5 a.m. en route to New York City. The flight plan for the revolutionary plane takes it past the Statue of Liberty before landing at New York's JFK Airport early Sunday.
"This is a leg where everybody is quite moved," Bertrand Piccard, one of two pilots who took turns flying the Solar Impulse across the United States, said shortly after the aircraft was in the air.

He stood on the tarmac, giving an enthusiastic thumbs up as the plane soared into the morning sky.
The Solar Impulse was expected to set down in New York around 2 a.m. Weather for the flight, which will take the plane over Maryland and Delaware, then up the coast past Atlantic City, was expected to be good. Andre Borschberg was piloting the final leg.
Despite the relatively short distance, it would be a long flight. The slow-flying aircraft would be traveling between two of the world's busiest airports and was required to take off very early in the morning and land very late at night when air traffic is at a minimum.
The aircraft, powered by some 11,000 solar cells, soars to 30,000 feet while poking along at a top speed of 45 mph. The Solar Impulse left San Francisco in early May and has made stopovers in Phoenix, Dallas-Fort Worth, St. Louis, Cincinnati and Dulles.
The cross-country flight is a tune-up for a planned 2015 flight around the globe with an up-graded version of the plane.


Link to:

Tesla Motors' Success Gives Electric Car Market a Charge

Josie Garthwaite


for National Geographic
Published May 21, 2013



Tesla Motors, the Silicon Valley electric carmaker, is riding high. The company reported its first ever quarterly profit this month and saw its stock price shoot upwards of $97 per share—an all-time high. At more than $10 billion, the company's market value is now greater than that of established automakers Fiat and Mitsubishi Motors.



And for icing on the cake, Tesla's first made-from-scratch car, the electric Model S sedan, has received a rare near-perfect score from Consumer Reports. Noting the difficulty of starting a successful auto company, evoltven Bill Ford, the executive chairman of Ford Motor Co., commented, "My hat's off to them."



The company is preparing to take advantage of its popularity on Wall Street by raising an estimated $648 million by selling a combination of shares and debt-like securities, to be repaid in 2018. Tesla CEO Elon Musk is set to personally purchase $100 million of shares in the offering. Tesla will curry public favor by using part of the proceeds to prepay some of the $465 million U.S. government loan that helped establish manufacturing of the Model S.



Tesla's upsurge comes at a time when a once-bursting field of EV start-ups is becoming littered with failed or sputtering ventures. Meanwhile, the established automakers have mixed sales results with their EVs, although customer satisfaction has been high. Nissan has seen accelerating sales of its Leaf after a slow start, with more than 62,000 of the EVs sold worldwide since 2010. For the Chevy Volt, a plug-in hybrid with a small gas engine that kicks in when its battery runs low on charge, sales of some 26,000 have not quite met General Motors' expectations. The cold reality is that the electric car business is still a work in progress. GM has said it loses money on every Volt sold. And much of Tesla's recent profit is due to California's regulatory incentives, rather than the sale of automobiles.



More than any other company, Tesla has helped transform the popular image of electric cars as nerdy golf carts for do-gooder greens to something that can be fun and luxurious and packed with cutting-edge technology. It pioneered a new generation of electric cars. Whether Tesla can rally mainstream consumers to the world of electric mobility, however, remains to be seen.



A Winner and Losers



Tesla's recent success marks a major achievement for the company and a rare moment in the history of automotive entrepreneurship. "Almost every other person who has tried to enter the automotive industry" for close to a century has failed, said Phil Gott, an automotive analyst for the research firm IHS.



Certainly the experience of other EV start-up companies bears out the challenges. Fisker Automotive, the recipient of roughly $1 billion in private investment and $192 million in public funds, sold only about 2,000 of its plug-in hybrid luxury Karmas (priced from $102,000) before suspending manufacturing last year. The U.S. Department of Energy has pulled the plug on the rest of the half-billion-dollar loan originally awarded to Fisker in support of a plug-in hybrid sedan that never made it past prototyping. And Coda Holdings, parent company of the Southern California-based startup that set out to build affordable electric cars on a platform from China's Hafei Motor Co, has filed for bankruptcy after selling fewer than 100 cars and racking up $100 million in debt.



Would-be suppliers of batteries to these and other electric carmakers have fallen along the way. Fisker's battery supplier A123 Systems entered bankruptcy last year, as did Ener1, battery supplier and investor in a failed electric city-car effort by Norway's Think Global.



Tesla, too, has seen hard times. In its ten-year history, the company has experienced product delays, lawsuits, battery and transmission troubles, and coffers so low that it took a hefty portion of billionaire CEO Elon Musk's personal wealth to keep it afloat in 2008. "Just want to say thanks to customers & investors that took a chance on Tesla through the long, dark night," Musk tweeted last week. "We wouldn't be here without you."



Tesla, it's fair to say, has leveled up. The company is now at the point of building cars in its own facilities from the bottom up, thousands of them each month. Based on monthly sales data, the advocacy group Plug In America expects the generation of highway-capable plug-ins born in the last two years to reach 100,000 vehicles sold by the end of May. More than 7,500 of those are Model S sedans, which sell for about $70,000 to $100,000, depending on the size of the battery and options.



Mass Market and Upmarket



Nearly every major automaker has a pure electric model on the road or soon to launch. Many of them are derived from conventional models like the Chevy Spark, Honda Fit, and Fiat 500, and several will initially sell in limited numbers in only one or a few markets—most notably California, where large automakers are required to sell zero-emission vehicles. Others have aimed for a broader swath of the market. Nissan moved early on to sell its Leaf nationwide, and adoption has begun to accelerate beyond the historical EV capital on the West Coast, and the electric version of the Ford Focus now sells in 48 states.



Distinguishing itself from this pack, Tesla from the start cultivated an aspirational brand, modeling its retail experience after Apple's sleek stores and targeting elite customers who would drop six figures on an electronic gadget with a green aura. The company's inaugural model, the Tesla Roadster, wasn't for everyone (the tall or weak of budget, to start) or every purpose (no dice if you want to haul all the gear for band practice), but it looked sleek and drove like a dream.



To a wealthy and tech-savvy niche group, it was perfect. "For that target audience, the more exclusive, the more expensive, the more exotic, the better," said Gott, senior director of long range planning for IHS Automotive. Sure, the Roadster was more expensive than the Lotus Elise body it was based upon, but it was unique. "Cocktail conversation" about the Tesla technology and VIP quality of service, Gott said, was part of the attraction of owning one.



Analysts say that Coda and Fisker erred in opposite directions: one was too superficial, the other was not superficial enough. "Fisker's biggest mistake was thinking that design was everything," said Michael Omotoso, senior manager of global power train for the research firm LMC Automotive in Troy, Michigan. The Fisker Karma is a great-looking car that drew Justin Bieber and Leonardo DiCaprio among its earliest adopters. But it had serious flaws, including unimpressive fuel economy relative to other plug-ins, too much weight, and a price point above even luxury hybrids that wealthy buyers might consider as alternatives, such as the Mercedes-Benz S Class or Cadillac Escalade hybrids.



In contrast, Coda aimed early on to provide an electric version of the most basic sedan. The practical look and good-enough performance became a tough sell, however, as the company's costs and price estimates swelled. Once expected to sell for about $30,000, the Coda Sedan ultimately debuted at roughly $45,000. Whereas Tesla and Fisker marketed Louboutin-like luxury style and charged accordingly, Coda put out a generic look and charged designer prices.



After multiple delays during years in which the options available to EV shoppers in the United States grew from a solitary highway-capable model (the Roadster) to around ten in 2013, the Coda launch simply offered too little too late. The car ranks dead last in efficiency among all pure electric vehicles in the 2013 model year, racking up an estimated $850 in electricity costs each year. That's pretty good compared to top-selling conventional sedans like the Honda Accord, but not compared to the $500 annual fuel costs estimated for the Nissan Leaf, Fiat 500e, and Honda Fit EV, and Scion iQ EV—all of which carry a well-known car company's brand and warranty. To make matters worse, in the midst of its bankruptcy proceedings, Coda now has a "potential safety issue" on its hands and must issue a recall. Regulators have reportedly found in crash testing that side curtain airbags in the sedan "did not deploy as intended upon impact."



Aside from starting at the high end, Tesla also developed other streams of revenue in addition to building and selling cars. The company formed key partnerships with well-known automakers, including Mercedes-Benz and its parent company, Daimler, as well as Toyota. In the first three months of this year, Tesla reported $7 million in revenue from development services. Another $68 million, or roughly one in every eight dollars of revenue during the quarter, came from selling credits earned under California's zero emission vehicles (ZEV) program. About $17 million came from sales of "other regulatory credits."



But these credits are more of a bridge to a bigger vision than a lasting pillar of Tesla's business. "Right now, their profits come from selling EV credits to other companies," said Omotoso. "They need to start making money by selling cars." As Tesla recognized in its latest report to shareholders, ZEV credit prices are falling as more automakers come out with qualifying vehicles, and international sales are worth less in the ZEV credit market than U.S. sales. So as Tesla pursues global ambitions, the company expects the portion of its revenue coming from ZEV credits to decline.



Next in the pipeline from Tesla is an electric crossover called the Model X, which, after some delay, the company plans to roll out in late 2014, likely with a lower price tag than the Model S. Sales of this third-generation model "should help," said Omotoso, because one model is simply not enough to sustain a company for the long term. "The Model S is hot right now, but it will eventually cool off like all hot models. Then what?" he said. "Once the small group of wealthy, image- and environmentally conscious buyers have been satisfied, they have nowhere to go until they come out with another model." Based on the limited pool of buyers who can both afford the Model S and who want an alternative-fuel vehicle, he said Model S sales may already be close to peaking at an estimated 20,000 units in 2013.



As many gauntlets as Tesla has run so far, the company's biggest challenges may still lie ahead. The temptation to go too big, too fast—to think, "Gee, if I can make this much money selling hundreds of cars, think how much more I can make selling millions"—is a dangerous one, Gott said. It will take time for battery technology to advance to the point where is possible to sell a "no-compromise" electric car capable of driving hundreds of miles between charges at a competitive price point.



Electric cars today can meet many, if not most day-to-day mobility needs. They can spare drivers pain at the pump, and Tesla is building out a network of fast-charging stations for extra assurance and convenience on the road. But gasoline remains the default choice for most car buyers, and switching to electricity still requires some new habits and a different mindset. "Most customers don't buy technology. They buy utility, convenience, low-operating costs, style," said Gott. If Tesla's business plan anticipates and keeps pace with the evolution of batteries, he said, and "if Tesla can walk that tight rope without over-investing and losing money before the market is ready, they will succeed."



This story is part of a special series that explores energy issues. For more, visit The Great Energy Challenge.

Note from blog host Bill Gee: I recently saw the model S at a local electric car charging station. It's a beautiful car, lucky owner!

Link to more great reading at: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2013/05/130522-tesla-motors-success/


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Bloomberg Energy Prices

Bloomberg Energy Prices

For Friday 28 June 2013

Energy & Oil Prices


Crude Oil & Natural Gas

Commodity Units Price Change % Change Contract Time(ET)

Crude Oil (WTI) USD/bbl. 97.51 +0.46 +0.47% Aug 13 11:11:21

Crude Oil (Brent) USD/bbl. 103.19 +0.37 +0.36% Aug 13 11:11:07

TOCOM Crude Oil JPY/kl 61,370.00 +330.00 +0.54% Nov 13 10:59:52

NYMEX Natural Gas USD/MMBtu 3.55 -0.04 -1.01% Aug 13 11:11:24

Refined Products

Commodity Units Price Change % Change Contract Time(ET)

RBOB Gasoline USd/gal. 276.26 +2.00 +0.73% Jul 13 11:04:17

NYMEX Heating Oil USd/gal. 290.20 +1.26 +0.44% Jul 13 10:59:52

ICE Gasoil USD/MT 881.75 +4.00 +0.46% Aug 13 11:11:07

TOCOM Kerosene JPY/kl 75,400.00 +270.00 +0.36% Jan 14 11:08:00

Emissions

Commodity Units Price Change % Change Contract Time(ET)

ICE ECX Emissions EUR/MT 4.38 -0.05 -1.13% Dec 13 11:11:31




Link to Bloomberg: http://bloomberg.com/energy/


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EARTH DAY 2013

EARTH DAY 2013

There were many events around the globe. It was nice to see the world got involved.

We hope everyone volunteered to cleanup a park, forest, stream, or roadside, etc.
There were many volunteers making the earth a cleaner place.
BRAVO to all of you!

We hope the next Earth Day 2014 is bigger and better.



http://greenliving.about.com/od/greenprograms/u/earth_day_user_path.htm

Environmental Film Festival 2013

Environmental Film Festival March 12-24 2013 various locations Washington DC area. 0

Link to: http://dcenvironmentalfilmfestival.org/

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Wind Power By Country

Wind power by countryFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Wind power: worldwide installed capacity [1]Global wind power installations increased by 44,711 in 2012, bringing total installed capacity up to 282,482 MW, a 18.7% increase on the 238,035 MW installed at the end of 2011. During 2010-2011 more than half of all new wind power was added outside of the traditional markets of Europe and North America, mainly driven by the continuing boom in China which accounted for nearly half of all of the installations at 18,000 MW in 2011. China now has 75,564 MW of wind power installed.[2] Several countries have achieved relatively high levels of wind power penetration, such as 21% of stationary electricity production in Denmark,[3] 18% in Portugal,[3] 16% in Spain,[3] 14% in Ireland[4] and 9% in Germany in 2010.[5][3] As of 2011, 83 countries around the world are using wind power on a commercial basis.[5] Contents [hide] 1 Overview 2 Installed windpower capacity 3 Annual wind power generation 4 Installed windpower capacity (MW) 2002-2012 5 Installed wind energy capacity 1991-2000 6 Installed wind energy capacity 1981-1990 7 Electricity generation by wind 2001-2010 8 Electricity generation by wind 1991-2000 9 Electricity generation by wind 1983-1990 10 References [edit] OverviewTop 10 wind power countries[2] Country Total capacity end 2012 (MW) China 75,564 United States 60,007 Germany 31,332 Spain 22,796 India 18,421 United Kingdom 8,445 Italy 8,144 France 7,196 Canada 6,200 Portugal 4,525 Rest of world 39,852 Total 282,482 As of 2011, the Roscoe Wind Farm (781 MW) in the United States is the world's largest wind farm.[6] As of September 2010, the Thanet Wind Farm in United Kingdom is the largest offshore wind farm in the world at 300 MW, followed by Horns Rev II (209 MW) in Denmark. The United Kingdom is the world's leading generator of offshore wind power, followed by Denmark.[7] There are many large wind farms under construction and these include BARD Offshore 1 (400 MW), Clyde Wind Farm (548 MW), Greater Gabbard wind farm (500 MW), Lincs Wind Farm (270 MW), London Array (1000 MW), Lower Snake River Wind Project (343 MW), Macarthur Wind Farm (420 MW), Shepherds Flat Wind Farm (845 MW), Sheringham Shoal (317 MW), and the Walney Wind Farm (367 MW). Opinion on increase in number of wind farms, 2010 Harris Poll[8] U.S. Great Britain France Italy Spain Germany % % % % % % Strongly oppose 3 6 6 2 2 4 Oppose more than favour 9 12 16 11 9 14 Favour more than oppose 37 44 44 38 37 42 Strongly favour 50 38 33 49 53 40 [edit] Installed windpower capacityInstalled windpower capacity (MW)[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] [19] [20] # Nation 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 last Yr % growth 5 Yr avg % growth 1 China 2,599 5,912 12,210 25,104 44,733 62,733 75,564 20.0 66.5 2 United States 11,603 16,819 25,170 35,159 40,200 46,919 60,007 27.9 29.0 3 Germany 20,622 22,247 23,903 25,777 27,214 29,060 31,332 7.8 7.0 4 Spain 11,630 15,145 16,740 19,149 20,676 21,674 22,796 5.1 8.5 5 India 6,270 7,850 9,587 10,925 13,064 16,084 18,421 14.5 18.6 6 United Kingdom 1,963 2,389 3,288 4,070 5,203 6,540 8,445 29.1 28.7 7 Italy 2,123 2,726 3,537 4,850 5,797 6,747 8,144 20.7 24.4 8 France 1,589 2,477 3,426 4,410 5,660 6,800 7,196 5.8 23.8 9 Canada 1,460 1,846 2,369 3,319 4,008 5,265 6,200 17.8 27.4 10 Portugal 1,716 2,130 2,862 3,535 3,702 4,083 4,525 10.8 16.3 11 Denmark 3,140 3,129 3,164 3,465 3,752 3,871 4,162 7.5 5.8 12 Sweden 571 831 1,067 1,560 2,163 2,970 3,745 26.1 35.1 13 Japan 1,309 1,528 1,880 2,056 2,304 2,501 2,614 4.5 11.3 14 Australia[21] 651 824 1,306 1,712 1,991 2,176 2,584 18.8 25.7 15 Brazil 237 247 339 606 932 1,509 2,508 66.2 59.0 16 Poland 153 276 472 725 1,107 1,616 2,497 54.5 55.3 17 Netherlands 1,571 1,759 2,237 2,223 2,237 2,328 2,391 2.7 6.3 18 Turkey 65 207 433 801 1,329 1,799 2,312 28.5 62.0 19 Romania 2 7 10 14.1 462 982 1,905 94.0 206.9 20 Greece 758 873 990 1,087 1,208 1,629 1,749 7.3 14.9 21 Ireland 746 805 1,245 1,260 - 1,614 1,738 - - 22 Austria 965 982 995 995 1,011 1,084 1,378 27.1 7.0 23 Mexico 84 85 85 520 733 873 1,370 56.9 74.4 24 Belgium 194 287 384 563 911 1,078 - - - 25 New Zealand 171 322 325 497 530 623 623 0.0 13.4 26 Bulgaria 36 70 120 177 500 612 - - - 27 Taiwan 188 280 358 436 519 564 564 0.0 15.0 28 Egypt 230 310 390 430 550 550 550 0.0 12.2 29 South Korea 176 192 278 348 379 407 483 18.7 20.3 30 Norway 325 333 428 431 441 - - - 31 Hungary 61 65 127 201 329 - - - - 32 Morocco 64 125 125 253 286 291 291 0.0 18.4 33 Czech Republic 57 116 150 192 215 - - - 34 Chile - - - 20 168 172 205 - - 35 Finland 86 110 143 147 197 197 - - - 36 Estonia 31.8 59 78 142 149 184 - - - 37 Argentina - - - - - 113 167 - - 38 Lithuania 56 50 54 91 154 - 39 Costa Rica - - 74 123 119 132 147 11.4 - 40 Tunisia - - - - - 54 104 - - 41 Nicaragua - - - - - 62 102 - - 42 Iran 47 67 82 91 91 91 91 0.0 8.0 43 Ukraine 86 89 90 94 87 - - - - 44 Pakistan - - - - - 6 56 - - 45 Uruguay - - - - - 43 52 - - 46 Venezuela - - - - - - 30 - - 47 Cape Verde - - - - - 24 24 - - 48 Ethiopia - - - - - 23 23 - - European Union 48,122 56,614 65,255 74,919 84,278 93,957 105,696 - - Caribbean - - - - - 271 271 - - Pacific Islands - - - - - 12 12 - - Rest of Europe - - - - - 3815 4922 - - Rest of Latin America & Caribbean - - - - - 229 229 - - Rest of Africa & Middle East - - - - - 23 23 - - Rest of Asia - - - - - 108 108 - - World total (MW) 74,151 93,927 121,188 157,899 197,637 238,035 282,482 18.5 24.6 [edit] Annual wind power generationAnnual Wind Power Generation (TW·h) and total electricity consumption (TW·h) for 10 largest countries[9][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Nation 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Wind power Capacity Factor % Total Demand Wind power Capacity Factor % Total Demand Wind power Capacity Factor % Total Demand Wind power Capacity Factor % Total Demand Wind power Capacity Factor % Total Demand 1 United States 26.6 26.1% 0.7% 4058.1 34.5 23.4% 0.8% 4149.9 52.0 23.5% 1.3% 4108.6 70.8 1.8% 3951.1 95.2 2.6% 3,723.8 2 China 3.7 16.2% 0.1% 2834.4 5.6[29] 10.6% 0.2% 3255.9 12.8[30] 12.0% 0.4% 3426.8 26.9 12.2% 0.74% 3640.3 55.5 3 Spain 22.9 22.4% 8.5% 268.8 27.2 20.5% 9.8% 276.8 31.4 21.7% 11.1% 282.1 36.6 13.7% 267.0 43.7 4 Germany 30.7 17.0% 5.4% 569.9 38.5 19.7% 6.6% 584.9 40.4 19.3% 6.6% 611.9 37.2 6.4% 581.3 36.5 5 India 7.6 13.8% 1.0% 726.7 14.7 21.0% 1.9% 774.7 14.8 17.6% 1.77% 834.3 17 2.7% 637.6 20.6 6 United Kingdom 4.2 23.2% 1.2% 352.9 5.3 27.5% 1.5% 352.0 7.1 30.4% 2.0% 350.5 9.3 2.5% 325.8 10.2 7 France 2.2 16.0% 0.5% 478.4 4.0 18.6% 0.8% 480.3 5.6 18.8% 1.1% 494.5 7.8 20.2% 1.6% 486 9.7 8 Portugal 2.9 19.3% 5.9% 49.2 4.0 21.2% 8.0% 50.1 5.7 22.7% 11.3% 50.6 7.5 15.0% 49.9 9.1 9 Italy 3.0 16.1% 0.9% 337.5 4.0[31] 16.7% 1.2% 339.9 4.9 15.7% 1.4% 339.5 6.2 2.1% 296.3 8.4 10 Denmark 6.1 22.2% 16.8% 36.4 7.2 26.3% 19.7% 36.4 7.0 24.9% 19.1% 36.2 6.8 19.3% 32.4 7.4[32] World total (TWh) 126.547 19.2% 0.8% 16,388.5 163.683 21.1% 1.0% 17,110.5 211.812 24.5% 1.2% 17,420.0 262.563[9] 21.5% 1.5% 17,313.6 344.8 [edit] Installed windpower capacity (MW) 2002-2012This table provides end-of-year installed wind power capacity (in megawatts) for the countries of the world for the years 2002 through 2012. The data source for the 2002 through 2012 figures is the World Wind Energy Association.[33] Rank Nation 2002 2003 2004 2005[10] 2006[10] 2007[10] 2008[10] 2009[9] 2010[11] 2011[34] 2012[2] - World 31,180 39,295 47,693 59,024.1 74,122.8 93,930.4 120,902.9 159,231.3 196,630 238,035 282,482 - European Union 28,599 34,383 40,722 48,122 56,614 65,255 74,767 84,074 94,337 105,696 - North America 52,763 67,576 - Asia 82,070 97,810 1 China 468 567 764 1,266 2,599 5,912 12,210.0 25,777.0 44,733 62,364 75,564 2 United States 4,685 6,370 6,725 9,149 11,603 16,818.8 25,170.0 35,159.0 40,180 46,919 60,007 3 Germany 12,001 14,609.1 16,628.8 18,427.5 20,622 22,247.4 23,902.8 25,777 27,215 29,075 31,332 4 Spain 4,830 6,202 8,263 10,027.9 11,630 15,145.1 16,740.3 19,149.0 20,676 21,673 22,796 5 India 1,702 2,110 3,000 4,430 6,270 7,850 9,587.0 10,925.0 13,065 15,880 18,421 6 United Kingdom 552 648 888 1,353 1,962.9 2,389 3,287.9 4,092 5,204 6,018 8,445 7 Italy 785 904 1,265 1,718.3 2,123.4 2,726.1 3,736.0 4,850 5,797 6,737 8,144 8 France 148 248 386 757.2 1,567 2,455 3,404.0 4,521 5,660 6,640 7,196 9 Canada 236 322 444 683 1,460 1,846 2,369.0 3,319 4,008 5,265 6,200 10 Portugal 194 299 522 1,022 1,716 2,130 2,862.0 3,535 3,702 4,083 4,525 11 Denmark 2,880 3,110 3,124 3,128 3,136 3,125 3,160.0 3,497 3,734 3,927 4,162 12 Sweden 345 404 452 509.1 571.2 831.0 1066.9 1,579 2,052 2,798 3,745 13 Japan 334 506 896.2 1,040 1,309 1,528 1,880.0 2,056 2,304 2,501 2,614 14 Australia 103 197.2 379 579 817.3 817.3 1,494.0 1,877 1,880 2,005 2,584 15 Brazil 22 23.8 23.8 28.6 236.9 247.1 338.5 606 920 1,429 2,508 16 Poland 28.2 58.2 58.2 73 153 276 544 725 1,107 1,616.4 2,497 17 Netherlands 682 908 1,078 1,224 1,559 1,747 2,225.0 2,229 2,237 2,328 2,391 18 Turkey 19.4 20.6 20.6 20.1 64.6 206.8 333.4 796.5 1,274 1,799 2,312 19 Romania 0 0 0 0.9 2.8 7.8 7.0 14.0 591 826 1,905 20 Greece 276 365 473 573.3 757.6 873.3 989.7 1,109 1,208 1,626.5 1,749 21 Ireland 137 186 338.9 495.2 746 805 1,244.7 1,260 1,428 1,614 1,738 22 Austria 139.3 415 606 819 964.5 981.5 994.9 995 1,011 1,084 1,378 23 Mexico 0 0 2.2 2.2 84 85.0 85.0 402 521 929 1,370 24 Belgium 44 68 95 167.4 194.3 286.9 383.6 555 886 1,078 25 New Zealand 35 36.3 168.1 168.2 171 321.8 325.3 497 506 622.8 623 26 Taiwan 0 0 13 103.7 187.7 279.9 358.2 436 519 563.8 564 27 Egypt 69 180 145 145 230 310 390.0 430 550 550.0 550 28 Norway 97.3 100 270 268 325 333.0 428.0 431 434 520.0 29 Bulgaria 0 10 10 14 36 57 120 177 375 503.0 30 South Korea 16 18.7 22.5 119.1 176.3 192.1 278.0 364.4 379 406.3 483 31 Hungary 1.2 2 3.5 17.5 60.9 65.0 127.0 201 295 329.4 32 Morocco 53.9 53.9 53.9 64 64 125.2 125.2 253 286 291.0 291 33 Czech Republic 3 10 16.5 29.5 56.5 116 150.0 191 215 217.0 34 Chile 1.3 2 2 2 2 20.1 20.1 78 170 190.0 205 35 Finland 41 51 82 82 86 110 140.0 147 197 197.0 36 Estonia 2 3.7 22.1 33 33 58.6 78.3 142.3 149 184.0 37 Lithuania 0.2 2 7 7 55.0 52.3 54.4 91 154 179.0 38 Argentina 25.7 25.7 25.6 26.8 27.8 29.8 29.8 29.8 54.0 129.2 167 39 Ukraine 46 56.4 68.8 77.3 85.6 89.0 90.0 90 87.4 151.1 40 Costa Rica 69.9 69.9 69.9 71 74 74 74.0 123 123 148.2 147 41 Cyprus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 82.0 134.0 42 Croatia 0 0 6 6 17.2 17.2 18.2 27.8 69.8 131.0 43 Tunisia 19 10 20 20 20 20 20.0 20.0 54.0 54.0 104 44 Nicaragua 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 40.0 63.0 102 45 Iran 11 11 25 31.6 47.4 66.5 82.0 82 100 100.0 91 46 Honduras 0.0 70.0 47 Pakistan 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 56 48 Ethiopia 30.0 30.0 52 49 Uruguay 0.2 0.2 0.15 0.2 0.2 0.6 20.5 20.5 30.5 40.5 52 50 Jamaica 0 0 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 29.7 29.7 47.7 51 Switzerland 5.3 5.3 8.7 11.6 11.6 11.6 13.8 17.6 42.0 45.5 52 Luxembourg 16.1 21.5 35.3 35.3 35.3 35.3 35.3 35.3 42.0 44.0 53 New Caledonia 0.0 38.2 54 Dominican Republic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.2 0.2 33.6 55 Philippines 0 0 25.2 25.2 25.2 25.2 25.2 33.0 33 33.0 56 Latvia 24 24 26.7 22.9 26.9 26.9 26.9 28.5 31.0 31.0 57 Vietnam 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.3 8.8 30.5 31.0 58 Aruba 0.0 30.0 59 Venezuela 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 60 Guadeloupe 0 0 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 26.8 61 Netherlands Antilles 0 0 0 0 17.2 17.2 18.2 24.3 24.3 62 Cape Verde 0 0 2.78 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 25.5 38.3 24 63 Colombia 0 19.5 19.5 19.5 19.5 19.5 19.5 20.0 20.0 19.5 64 Russia 10.7 10.8 10.8 14 15.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 15.4 15.4 65 Guyana 0 0 10.2 13.5 13.5 13.5 13.5 13.5 13.5 13.5 66 Curacao 0.0 12.0 67 Cuba 0.5 0.45 0.45 0.5 0.5 2.1 7.2 7.2 11.7 11.7 68 Bonaire 0.0 10.8 69 South Africa 13 16.4 16.55 16.6 16.6 16.6 21.8 21.8 10.0 10.1 70 Fiji 0.0 10.0 71 Dominica 0.2 7.2 72 Israel 7 7 7 7.0 7.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 73 Faroe Islands 0 0 0.15 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.0 74 Belarus 0 0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.9 1.9 3.5 75 Slovakia 0 2 5 5 5 5 6.0 6.0 6.0 3.0 76 Vanuatu 0.0 3.0 77 Armenia 0.0 2.6 78 Ecuador 0 0 0 0 0 3.1 4.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 79 Nigeria 0.8 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 80 St. Kitts and Nevis 0.0 2.2 81 Kazakhstan 0 0 0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.5 2.2 82 Azerbaijan 0.0 2.2 83 Antarctica 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 84 Jordan 0 1.5 1.45 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 85 Indonesia 0 0 0.5 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 86 Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.4 2.4 1.3 1.3 87 Madagascar 1.2 1.2 88 Martinique 0 0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 89 Mauritius 0.0 1.1 90 Falkland Islands 0 0 0 0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 91 Eritrea 0 0 0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 92 Peru 0 0 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 93 Grenada 0.0 0.7 94 Syria 0 0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.6 95 Namibia 0 0 0 0 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.2 96 North Korea 0 0 0 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 World 31,180 39,295 47,693 59,024.1 74,122.8 93,930.4 120,902.9 159,213.3 196,630 237,022 282,482 [edit] Installed wind energy capacity 1991-2000Installed Wind Energy Capacity (in megawatts, MW)(cumulative for year):[35][36][37][38] Nation 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Germany 112 180 335 643 1,130 1,548 2,080 2,870 4,445 6,113 USA 1,709 1,680 1,635 1,663 1,612 1,590 1,592 1,946 2,500 2,554 Spain 5 50 60 70 140 249 512 660 1,522 2,235 Denmark 413 458 487 539 637 857 1,116 1,380 1,748 2,300 India 39 39 79 185 576 816 950 968 1,077 1,167 Italy 22[39] 60 100 154 282 427 The Netherlands 299 325 359 410 449 UK 270 320 331 343 406 China 38 79 166 190 265 265 Sweden 105 117 148 195 231 Rest of World 234 274 489 713 1,153 Total 2,170 2,510 2,990 3,490 4,780 6,097 7,592 8,719 13,500 17,300 [edit] Installed wind energy capacity 1981-1990Installed Wind Energy Capacity (in megawatts, MW)(cumulative for year):[40][41] Nation 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 USA 18 84 254 653 945 1,265 1,333 1,231 1,332 1,484 Denmark 7 12 20 27 50 82 115 197 262 343 Germany 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 15 27 62 Total 25 90 210 600 1,020 1,270 1,450 1,580 1,730 1,930 Total does not match sum of totals because of different sources. [edit] Electricity generation by wind 2001-2010Electricity Generation by Wind (in terawatt hours, TWh)(total for year):[42] Nation 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 USA 6.737 10.354 11.187 14.144 17.811 26.589 34.450 55.363 73.886 94.65 Germany 9.933 15.063 17.916 24.234 25.868 29.175 37.727 38.545 36.71 35.90 Spain 6.421 8.875 11.471 14.915 20.117 22.132 26.190 30.593 35.9 41.5 India 2.129 2.553 3.411 4.266 6.273 8.255 11.206 13.053 17 20.6 China 0.712 0.829 0.987 1.265 1.927 3.675 5.425 12.425 26.9 55.5 UK 0.917 1.193 1.221 1.838 2.759 4.014 5.010 6.742 8.84 9.70 Denmark 4.091 4.633 5.283 6.254 6.283 5.803 6.814 6.582 6.39 7.42 Italy 1.120 1.334 1.385 1.755 2.227 2.822 3.832 4.618 6.200 8.0 Portugal 0.243 0.344 0.471 0.775 1.684 2.779 3.835 5.469 7.20 8.60 France 0.125 0.256 0.372 0.566 0.914 2.073 3.857 5.405 7.50 9.20 Netherlands 0.784 0.899 1.252 1.774 1.964 2.596 3.266 4.047 4.350 3.78 Australia 0.200 0.346 0.668 0.670 0.841 1.627 2.480 2.938 3.615 3.62 Canada 0.320 0.388 0.785 0.906 1.398 2.375 2.873 3.628 4.3 5.50 Japan 0.239 0.394 0.791 1.245 1.666 2.100 2.493 2.799 2.802 3.60 Ireland 0.317 0.369 0.431 0.622 1.056 1.541 1.860 2.290 2.807 2.670 Austria 0.163 0.193 0.348 0.878 1.262 1.664 1.934 1.913 1.87 1.92 Sweden 0.458 0.578 0.645 0.808 0.889 0.938 1.359 1.896 2.361 3.30 Greece 0.718 0.618 0.970 1.065 1.203 1.614 1.727 2.130 2.416 2.030 New Zealand 0.130 0.148 0.141 0.340 0.583 0.591 0.883 1.004 1.398 1.55 Norway 0.026 0.071 0.207 0.239 0.481 0.605 0.847 0.867 0.932 0.850 Poland 0.013 0.058 0.118 0.135 0.128 0.243 0.496 0.795 1.023 1.60 Turkey 0.059 0.046 0.058 0.055 0.056 0.121 0.337 0.805 1.4 2.80 Belgium 0.035 0.054 0.084 0.135 0.246 0.348 0.466 0.605 0.946 1.20 Brazil 0.033 0.058 0.058 0.058 0.088 0.225 0.531 0.530 1.180 2.07 Egypt 0.210 0.194 0.350 0.497 0.524 0.585 0.789 0.880 1.1 1.20 Mexico 0.017 0.020 0.018 0.019 0.018 0.056 0.249 0.256 0.566 0.378 Rest of World 10.657 15.976 19.060 25.473 27.37 31.588 Total 36.723 50.557 61.476 80.595 99.687 126.547 163.683 211.812 262.563 327.850 [edit] Electricity generation by wind 1991-2000Electricity Generation by Wind (in terawatt hours, TWh)(total for year):[43] Nation 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Germany 0.204 0.276 0.640 1.357 1.626 1.974 2.882 4.363 5.252 8.884 USA 2.951 2.888 3.006 3.447 3.164 3.234 3.288 3.026 4.488 5.593 Denmark 0.703 0.869 0.982 1.080 1.118 1.166 1.837 2.679 2.878 4.029 Spain 0.014 0.042 0.109 0.166 0.257 0.346 0.705 1.284 2.607 4.491 India 0.037 0.084 0.090 0.181 0.471 0.834 0.939 1.019 1.374 1.600 China 0.009 0.013 0.021 0.038 0.061 0.093 0.196 0.352 0.469 0.584 UK 0.010 0.032 0.207 0.325 0.371 0.464 0.634 0.833 0.808 0.900 Italy 0.003 0.002 0.004 0.007 0.009 0.031 0.112 0.219 0.383 0.535 France 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.005 0.007 0.010 0.019 0.035 0.073 Portugal 0.001 0.004 0.010 0.016 0.015 0.020 0.036 0.085 0.117 0.160 Netherlands 0.068 0.140 0.169 0.225 0.301 0.415 0.451 0.608 0.613 0.788 Japan 0 0 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.007 0.036 0.104 Australia 0 0 0 0.004 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.008 0.026 0.055 Canada 0.002 0.003 0.030 0.055 0.056 0.059 0.059 0.059 0.156 0.251 Austria 0 0 0 0 0.001 0.005 0.019 0.043 0.048 0.064 Ireland 0 0.005 0.014 0.018 0.015 0.013 0.048 0.161 0.178 0.232 Greece 0 0.008 0.045 0.035 0.032 0.036 0.034 0.067 0.154 0.428 Sweden 0.012 0.029 0.046 0.068 0.094 0.137 0.193 0.301 0.340 0.434 New Zealand 0 0 0 0.001 0.001 0.008 0.013 0.021 0.037 0.114 Norway 0 0.003 0.003 0.009 0.010 0.009 0.010 0.010 0.024 0.029 Egypt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.023 0.130 Belgium 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.009 0.009 0.008 0.008 0.010 0.012 0.015 Mexico 0 0 0 0.004 0.006 0.005 0.004 0.010 0.010 0.018 Turkey 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.031 Poland 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.005 Brazil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.001 Rest of World 0.205 0.277 0.645 1.373 1.646 2.028 3.006 4.554 5.514 9.363 Total 4.024 4.406 5.393 7.063 7.644 8.921 11.606 15.363 20.320 29.970 [edit] Electricity generation by wind 1983-1990Electricity Generation by Wind (in terawatt hours, TWh)(total for year):[44] Nation 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 Germany -- -- -- -- -- 0.002 0.002 0.003 USA1 0.00267 0.00649 0.00576 0.00419 0.00354 0.00087 2.112 2.789 India 0 0 0 0.002 0.003 0.006 0.006 0.030 Denmark 0.024 0.039 0.06 0.136 0.183 0.302 0.429 0.580 UK 0 0 0 0 0 0.001 0.009 0.009 Portugal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.001 0.001 Netherlands 0 0 0 0.001 0.002 0.016 0.023 0.048 Greece 0 0 0 0 0.001 0.001 0 0.001 Sweden 0.003 0.005 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.005 0.005 0.006 Belgium 0 0 0 0 0.006 0.008 0.007 0.008 Spain 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.013 Italy 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.002 Canada 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.002 China 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.002 Rest of World 0 0 0.001 0 0.001 0.003 0.003 0.005 Total 0.0297 0.0505 0.0728 0.149 0.206 0.343 2.595 3.496 1 [sic] - Generation does not correlate with installed capacity, which would suggest approximately 0.33, 0.87, 1.54, 2.13, 2.50, 2.47 TWh from 1983 to 1988 for the United States. [edit] References^ "GWEC, Global Wind Report Annual Market Update". Gwec.net. http://www.gwec.net/index.php?id=180. Retrieved 2011-11-21. ^ a b c "Wind Energy Statistics 2012". Report. Global Wind Energy Council. February 2013. http://www.gwec.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/GWEC-PRstats-2012_english.pdf. Retrieved 11-February-2013. ^ a b c d "World Wind Energy Report 2010" (PDF). Report. World Wind Energy Association. February 2011. http://www.wwindea.org/home/images/stories/pdfs/worldwindenergyreport2010_s.pdf. Retrieved 30-April-2011. ^ "Renewables". eirgrid.com. http://www.eirgrid.com/renewables/. Retrieved 22 November 2010. ^ a b REN21 (2011). "Renewables 2011: Global Status Report". p. 11. http://www.ren21.net/Portals/97/documents/GSR/GSR2011_Master18.pdf. ^ E.ON wraps up 457 MW wind farm, transfers assets[dead link] ^ Patrick Barkham. "Blown away". Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/jan/08/wind-power. Retrieved 2011-11-21. ^ The Harris Poll#119 (October 13, 2010). "Large Majorities in U.S. and Five Largest European Countries Favor More Wind Farms and Subsidies for Bio-fuels, but Opinion is Split on Nuclear Power". PRNewswire. http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/large-majorities-in-us-and-five-largest-european-countries-favor-more-wind-farms-and-subsidies-for-bio-fuels-but-opinion-is-split-on-nuclear-power-104844169.html. ^ a b c d "World Wind Energy Report 2009" (PDF). Report. World Wind Energy Association. February 2010. http://www.wwindea.org/home/images/stories/worldwindenergyreport2009_s.pdf. Retrieved 13-March-2010. ^ a b c d e "World Wind Energy Report 2008" (PDF). Report. World Wind Energy Association. February 2009. http://www.wwindea.org/home/images/stories/worldwindenergyreport2008_s.pdf. Retrieved 19-March-2009. ^ a b "World Wind Energy Report 2010" (PDF). Report. World Wind Energy Association. February 2011. http://www.wwindea.org/home/images/stories/pdfs/worldwindenergyreport2010_s.pdf. Retrieved 13-March-2011. ^ (Hungarian) 25 MW teljesítményű szélerőműparkot helyzetek üzembe Bőnyben, 10 January 2010 ^ "EWEA.org" (PDF). http://www.ewea.org/fileadmin/ewea_documents/documents/statistics/general_stats_2009.pdf. Retrieved 2010-08-29. ^ "EWEA.org" (PDF). http://ewea.org/fileadmin/ewea_documents/documents/statistics/EWEA_Annual_Statistics_2010.pdf. Retrieved 2011-03-28. ^ "Global installed wind power capacity 2008/2009 (MW)" (PDF) (Press release). http://www.gwec.net/fileadmin/documents/PressReleases/PR_2010/Annex%20stats%20PR%202009.pdf. Retrieved 2010-08-29. ^ "Irish Wind Energy Association - Wind Energy in Ireland". Iwea.com. http://www.iwea.com/index.cfm/page/windenergyfaqs?#q21. 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Tonto.eia.doe.gov. http://www.eia.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/iedindex3.cfm?tid=6&pid=37&aid=12&cid=regions&syid=1981&eyid=1990&unit=BKWH. Retrieved 2012-06-07. [hide]v · t · e Wind power by country Overview Wind power industry · Installed wind power capacity Regions Asia · Europe (EU) by country Australia · Austria · Belgium · Brazil · Canada · China · Croatia · Denmark · Estonia · Finland · France · Germany · Greece · Hong Kong · Hungary · India · Iran · Ireland · Italy · Japan · Lithuania · Malta · Mexico · Morocco · Netherlands · New Zealand · Pakistan · Philippines · Poland · Portugal · Romania · Russia · Spain · Sweden · Turkey · United Kingdom · United States Portals: Energy · Renewable energy · Sustainable development Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wind_power_by_country&oldid=541507885" Categories: Wind power by countryHidden categories: All articles with dead external linksArticles with dead external links from November 2011Articles with Hungarian language external linksArticles with dead external links from May 2011 Navigation menuPersonal toolsCreate accountLog in NamespacesArticle Talk VariantsViewsRead Edit ActionsView history Search NavigationMain page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikimedia Shop InteractionHelp About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact Wikipedia ToolboxWhat links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Print/exportCreate a book Download as PDF Printable version Languages日本語 Suomi اردو Edit links This page was last modified on 1 March 2013 at 12:20. 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Google Continues to Invest in Wind Power With New Deal in Texas

By Todd R. Weiss | Posted 2013-01-10 Google has invested about $200 million in a wind farm in western Texas near Amarillo, as the company continues to expand its involvement in the renewable energy marketplace. Google's latest investment is at the Spinning Spur Wind Project in Oldham County in the Texas Panhandle, according to a Jan. 9 post by Kojo Ako-Asare, Google's senior manager of corporate finance, in the Official Google Blog. The 161-megawatt facility was built by EDF Renewable Energy, a company that's built more than 50 other clean energy projects, according to Google. The facility has 70 Siemens wind turbines, each producing 2.3 megawatts of power, which is sent along transmission lines to SPS, a utility serving Texas and New Mexico. "We look for projects like Spinning Spur because, in addition to creating more renewable energy and strengthening the local economy, they also make for smart investments: they offer attractive returns relative to the risks and allow us to invest in a broad range of assets," wrote Ako-Asare. "We're also proud to be the first investor in an EDF Renewable Energy project that is not a financial institution, as we believe that corporations can be an important new source of capital for the renewable energy sector." The Spinning Spur wind farm's turbines generate enough energy to power more than 60,000 average U.S. homes, according to Google. The project is the 11th investment in renewable energy facilities that Google has made since 2010, wrote Ako-Asare. Google so far has invested in wind and solar power facilities that produce more than 2 gigawatts of power combined. Other Google renewable energy investments include the Atlantic Wind Connection project, which will span 350 miles of the coast from New Jersey to Virginia to connect 6,000 megawatts of offshore wind turbines; and the Shepherds Flat project in Arlington, Ore., which is one of the world's largest wind farms with a capacity of 845 megawatts. Shepherds Flat began operating in October 2012. Google also has invested in the Brightsource Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System in California's Mojave Desert, which is more than 75 percent complete and employs more than 2,000 workers, according to Ako-Asare's post. In September 2012, Google announced a separate deal that provides green wind power for its expanding data center in Mayes County, Okla., as part of the company's commitment to becoming carbon-neutral. In Oklahoma, Google signed an agreement with the Grand River Dam Authority (GRDA) to provide its Oklahoma data center with 48 megawatts of wind energy from the Canadian Hills Wind Project in Oklahoma. Google is already using renewable energy at the Oklahoma data center through other electricity supplied by the GRDA. The wind project was the local authority's first such project. The Google Oklahoma data center went live in 2011, and in February 2012, GRDA approached Google about buying power from the then-developing wind project. Under the deal, the additional wind power available was scheduled to increase the total amount of renewable energy Google buys from the authority to more than 260 megawatts. By buying the power directly from the authority, Google says it will allow it to get the renewable energy it needs for its operations from a vendor who can provide it using multiple green paths, including hydroelectric, wind and more in a scalable way. Some 30 percent of the total power Google uses in all its facilities presently comes from renewable sources, according to the company. More at: http://www.eweek.com/print/cloud/google-continues-to-invest-in-wind-power-with-new-deal-in-texas/

New Year - New Ideas in 2013

Happy New Year! 2013 is here. We hope everyone enjoyed the holidays. We look forward to new ideas for alternative energy in 2013. We used alternative energy to travel during the holidays. We hope many of you did the same. We used solar powered LED christmas tree lights. So, the cost to power the lights was ZERO DOLLARS. Here's to a wonderful year of increased alternative energy use.